早期股骨头坏死的组织工程学治疗研究进展

股骨头坏死是好发于中青年人群的常见骨科疾病，目前尚无理想的治疗方法。针对早期股骨头坏死，如何尽可能维持自体股骨头形态、功能正常，防止塌陷已成为临床急需解决的难题。近年来，随着组织工程学进步与发展，利用组织工程技术预防股骨头塌陷，促进坏死股骨头的修复与再生备受关注。本文针对早期股骨头坏死的组织工程学治疗手段研究进展做一综述。     

An ultrasonographic monitoring of skin condition in patients receiving radiotherapy for head and neck cancers

Radiodermatitis is one of the commonest side effects of radiotherapy. They are usually assessed by semi‐quantitative clinical scores, which are not validated and may be subject to inter‐observer variability. A few previous studies suggested that high‐frequency ultrasonography (HF‐USG) is useful in the assessment of the acute phase of radiation dermatitis in breast cancer patients. (a) To monitor skin changes by HF‐USG during the course of radiotherapy due to head and neck cancers, and (b) to determine whether there is any connection between skin sonograms and the skin scoring criteria. This prospective, observational study includes patients diagnosed with head and neck cancers, treated with radiotherapy or concomitant chemoradiation. The final analysis includes six patients. In every patient, the HF‐USG as well as dermatological assessment (target lesion score—TLS and CACE v. 4.0) were performed 4×: before, in the middle, day after, and 3 months after radiotherapy. There were significant differences between non‐irradiated skin thickness and thickness of skin with clinically obvious radiodermatitis (TLS grade 1‐4; P < .0001), as well as between irradiated, unchanged skin thickness (TLS grade 0) and thickness of skin with clinically obvious radiodermatitis (TLS grade 1‐4; P = .0002). There was no significant difference between non‐irradiated and irradiated, unchanged skin thickness (TLS grade 0; P = .9318). In four patients, we demonstrated subepidermal low echogenic band (SLEB). HF‐USG can be useful tool to noninvasive and objective assessment of skin changes during radiotherapy.     

Prospective assessment of reproducibility of three-dimensional ultrasound for fetal biometry

PurposeTo compare fetal ultrasound measurements performed by two observers with different levels of experience and evaluate the potential contribution of the use of three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound on repeatability, reproducibility and agreement of two-dimensional (2D) and 3D-derived measurements.Materials and methodsTwo observers (one senior and one junior) measured head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC) and femur length (FL) in 33 fetuses (20 to 40 weeks of gestation). Each observer performed two series of 2D measurements and two series of 3D measurements (i.e., measurements derived from triplane volume processing). Measurements were converted into Z-scores according to gestational age. Variability between the different series of measurements was studied using Bland–Altmann plots and intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC).ResultsAgreement with the 2D measurements of the senior observer was higher in 3D than in 2D for the junior observer (systematic differences of −0.4, −0.2 and −0.8 Z-score vs. −0.1, −0.1 and −0.6 for HC, AC and FL on 2D and 3D datasets, respectively). The use of 3D ultrasound improved junior observer repeatability (ICC = 0.94, 0.88, 0.90 vs. 0.94, 0.94 and 0.96 for HC, AC and FL in 2D and 3D, respectively). The reproducibility was greater using the junior observer 3D datasets (ICC = 0.75, 0.60 and 0.45 vs. 0.79, 0.89 and 0.63 for HC, AC and FL, respectively).ConclusionThe use of 3D ultrasound improves the consistency of the measurements performed by a junior observer and increases the overall repeatability and reproducibility of measurements performed by observers with different levels of experience.     

可吸收棒或钛合金螺钉治疗MasonⅡ型桡骨头骨折的疗效

文题释义：可吸收棒、钛合金螺钉内固定：两者均属于MasonⅡ型桡骨头骨折螺钉内固定法，主要区别在于其制作材质不一样，前者是由聚乳酸制成的可吸收高分子聚合物，而后者为钛合金制成，需二次手术取出。桡骨头骨折Mason分类：Ⅰ型，为线状骨折，即无移位型骨折，骨折线可通过桡骨头边缘或呈劈裂状；Ⅱ型，为有移位的骨折，有分离的边缘骨折；Ⅲ型，为粉碎型骨折，移位或无移位或呈塌陷性骨折；Ⅳ型，为桡骨头骨折伴有肘关节脱位。 背景：目前切开复位内固定是治疗MasonⅡ型桡骨头骨折的有效方法，内固定的选择有螺钉、微型钢板、克氏针、可吸收棒或钉等，临床疗效报道不一致。 目的：对比可吸收棒或钛合金螺钉内固定治疗MasonⅡ型桡骨头骨折的临床疗效。方法：选择2016年1月至2017年2月四川省人民医院收治的桡骨头骨折患者25例，其中男16例，女9例，年龄38-61岁，均进行切开复位内固定治疗，其中13例的内固定材料为钛合金螺钉，另12例的内固定材料为可吸收棒。术后随访拍摄X射线片，确定骨折愈合时间。末次随访时，对比两组目测类比评分、肘关节活动度及肘关节功能Mayo评分与Broberg-Morrey 评分。该研究已通过四川省医学科学院·四川省人民医院伦理委员会的审批。结果与结论：①可吸收棒组、钛合金螺钉组的骨折愈合时间分别为(2.35±0.92)，(2.10±0.47)个月，组间比较差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)；②末次随访时，两组间肘关节功能Mayo评分与Broberg-Morrey 评分比较差异均无显著性意义(P > 0.05)；③末次随访时，两组间肘关节屈曲、伸直、旋后、旋前角度比较差异均无显著性意义(P > 0.05)；④末次随访时，两组目测类比评分比较差异均无显著性意义(P > 0.05)；⑤结果表明，可吸收棒与钛合金螺钉治疗MasonⅡ型桡骨头骨折的临床疗效相似，但可吸收棒避免了二次手术取出内固定及应力性遮挡等情况。 ORCID: 0000-0003-4778-7050(杨晓) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节；骨植入物；脊柱；骨折；内固定；数字化骨科；组织工程